Department of Linguistics
PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
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Five Laryngeal States
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Five Laryngeal States from Open to Closed Vocal Folds
| OPEN Vocal Folds | VOICELESS | ||
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| Vocal folds vibrating weakly and inefficiently, allowing large amounts of air to escape | BREATHY also breathy voice, whispery voice, murmur transcription: [ɐ̤] |
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| Vocal folds vibrating normally | VOICED | ||
| Vocal folds vibrating tensely; the front part of
the vocal folds stays closed; fundamental frequency low |
CREAKY also creak, vocal fry, creaky voice, anterior voice, laryngealised transcription: [ɐ̰] |
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| CLOSED Vocal Folds | GLOTTAL STOP transcription: [ʔ] |
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